In the event all of the K-pop fandom is directed at male idols, which paper focuses primarily to the sexual objectification, lookism, and you will sexism for the lady idols‘ sounds plus the possible influence on fans‘ (primarily younger females) gender thinking

It’s important to investigation that part of K-pop because it’s so much more tricky in terms of the dark fact out of gender facts in the Korea: In the event Korea possess efficiently modernized the savings, it lags much trailing other OECD (Organization having Monetary Co-operation and you may Innovation) countries with respect to gender equivalence ( Bethmann & Rudolf, 2016 ; Rudolf & Kang, 2015 ). Featuring new largest sex spend gap as well as the terrible operating ecosystem for females certainly one of rich nations, Korea’s positions regarding All over the world Intercourse Gap Directory is actually with the par which have Muslim-majority regions really-noted for the discrimination against ladies and you will ranked really below the stubbornly patriarchal The japanese ( GGGR, 2015 ; PwC, 2017 ; The brand new Economist, 2016 ).

Scholars was indeed viewing and criticizing the fresh new overly sexualized, often sexist content, plus the propagation out-of lookism when you look at the K-pop and discussing their possible influence on K-pop fans. Relative to such talks and you may taking having less tough research throughout the debate, which papers proposes another hypothesis: If the K-pop music actually promotes sexist axioms and objectification of females (once the created in point II), its global profits may have negative repercussions on the advancement of intercourse equivalence around the globe. ; and you may dos) What’s the dating between K-pop fandom and you will fans‘ thinking on department from work between men and women within and you can away from family?

This study mostly causes the current literary works regarding following several suggests. First, by using an alternative and you can newly compiled analysis gang of six,317 findings out-of one hundred nations, this study contributes unusual tough empirical research on the debate regarding how K-pop music influences fans‘ gender perceptions. Second, the research shows just how sexism, lookism, and you can sexualization may well not you need to be flaccid cultural factors, however, may actually dictate personal thinking how paid down and you will delinquent works will be separated between people. not, it should be also indexed this particular research will not want determine any causal effects. Considering the limitations from a combination-sectional questionnaire design, results need to be translated since correlations in lieu of causation.

For this reason, the analysis concerns to be checked are listed below: 1) What is the relationship involving the standard of K-pop fandom (counted from the your desire to pay for K-pop music items and you may circumstances) and you will private intercourse attitudes?

The remainder of this post is planned the following. This will provide the abstract cause for the analysis hypothesis and you can the fresh new empirical research. Point III introduces the brand new questionnaire framework, data place and parameters, and you may gifts detailed statistics of details included in this research. Part IV gift suggestions the new empirical strategy used in analysis and you may empirical show. Section V ends this article.

Sexism, like sexist perceptions towards females, hence mainly come from antique stereotypes regarding gender roles, is just one of the main offenders you to stand in how away from gender equivalence. Earlier studies have investigated gender-role stereotyping inside sounds video clips ( Aubrey & Frisby, 2011 ; Kalof, 1999 ; Kistler & Lee, 2009 ; Seidman, 1992 ) or any other news forms ( Lauzen, Dozier, & Horan, 2008 ; Timber, 1994 ), and discovered one to compared to boys, women are very likely to be intimately objectified and you will stored to stricter appearance criteria. Additionally, women are in addition to usually illustrated with techniques one to emphasizes conventional gender roles: men was indeed stronger, prominent, competitive, and you will violent, when you are women was expected to getting showed since the weak, based, submissive, and you will nurturing. Even though some K-pop music teams and you can a knockout post idols frequently problem traditional gender roles by way of their androgynous or homoerotic imageries (eg, Amber regarding f(x), Jo Kwon out-of 2AM, and you may Lee Hong-gi from F.T. Island) and you may remind a great deal more egalitarian intercourse perceptions, all of the mainstream K-pop performers, such as woman groups, was conforming to the prominent stereotypes.